The Harvard Referencing System
Referencing systems
Many different types of referencing systems exist with each having their own set of rules to follow. Some other referencing systems that are used include:
- Oxford,
- APA (American Psychological Association), and
- MLA (Modern Languages Association).
If you would like to learn more about these different referencing systems click onto the following link from The University of Southern Queensland Library.
http://www.usq.edu.au/library/help/ehelp/ref_guides/default.htm
The Harvard Referencing System
St Patrick’s Marist College uses the Harvard referencing System when writing bibliographies and using ‘in text referencing’ for written work.
For a general overview of the Harvard referencing system click onto the following link and watch a power-point presentation from the University of Southern Queensland (Faculty of Business)
http://www.usq.edu.au/library/Breeze/Fac_Business/Harvard_Referencing_A_Brief_Guide
Examples of bibliographic records using the Harvard Referencing System
The general pattern used when employing the Harvard Referencing System to write a bibliographic record is as follows:
Author. (Year). Title. Publisher, Place of Publication.
When an author is not available the pattern changes:
Title. (Year). Publisher, Place of Publication.
Internet |
CSIRO. (2008). Energy efficient housing. [Internet]. CSIRO, Sydney. Available from: www.csiro.org.au/energy/housing [Accessed: 3 May, 2008] |
One author |
James, R. (2000). Real science. Penguin Books, London. |
Two authors |
Petrie, A.B. & Frost, C.F. (1999). The Way of the wild. Hayward Press, New York. |
Three to four authors |
Smith, H.K., Jones, D., & Evett, M.L. (2000). Building bridges. Longmans, Sydney. |
More than five authors |
Beck, M. (et. al.). (1993). Exploring religion. Oxford University Press, Melbourne. |
Editor but no author |
Ryan, M. (ed.). (2000). Jewish-Christian relations. David Lovell Publishing, Melbourne. |
Book - edition |
Morissey, J. (et al.). (2005). Living religion. (3rd ed.). Pearson Education, Melbourne. |
Corporate Authorship |
Public Land Use Commission. (1996). Tasmania-Commonwealth Regional Forest Agreement: Environment and heritage report. PLUC, Tasmania. |
Article by one author which is part of a work edited or compiled by another author |
Wilson, C. (1968). England’s apprenticeship Laws. In: A Social and economic history of England. Boon, P. (ed). A Social and economic history of England. Longman, London. |
Magazine Article - |
Steptoe, W. (2008). Some days are diamonds. Modern fishing. Vol. 2, No. 5, pp.54-57. |
Magazine Article - |
The business of giving. (2008). Choice. April, pp12-17. |
Newspapers |
Towers, K. (2000). Doctors not at fault. Australian. 18 January, |
CD-Rom |
Sleiman. K. (2000). Maths puzzles for fun. [CD ROM]. Advanced Publishing, Sydney. |
Interviews |
B. Wikman. Telephone interview. January 14, 2008. |
Videos |
Reptiles of the world. Snakes and their prey. (2006). BBC, London. [video:VHS]. |
Encyclopaedia article |
Encyclopedia Britannica. Vol 6. (1998). Encyclopedia Britannica Inc, Chicargo. |
For a more extensive and detailed explanation on the Harvard referencing system click on the following link from the University of South Australia:
What a bibliography looks like
Following is a bibliography for as assignment on volcanoes.
Bowler, (2005). Earthquakes and volcanoes. (3rd Ed). State Library of N.S.W., Sydney.
Doherty, G. (2000). The Usborne internet-linked encyclopedia of world geography : with complete world atlas. Usborne, London.
Extreme disaster. Real volcanoes. (1997). Real World Pictures, London. 14 Feburary, 2000. [video: VHS].
Hill, D.,Avery, P. & Smith, J. (2001). The sleeper wakes. Penguin, Auckland, N.Z.
The New Encyclopedia of the world. Vol 25. (1987). Encyclopedia of the world, Melbourne.
Spilsbury, L. & Spilsbury, R. (2004). Violent volcanoes. Heinemann Library, Oxford.
Sutherland, L. (1995). The volcanic earth. UNSW Press, Sydney.
Features to notice from this bibliography
- The list is organized alphabetically.
- If there is no author the title of the resource comes first. The title is then followed by the year of publication.
- All the resources are included in the one list. You do not produce separate lists for different resource types.
- Ignore the following at the start of a title “The” and “A”.
In- text referencing
When quoting, or using information from a paraphrase or summary, you need to cite your reference in your piece of work. The following sites explain how to do this:
The University of Western Australia website
http://www.library.uwa.edu.au/education_training_and_support/guides/harvard_citation_style#table
The University of Melbourne website
http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/cite/harvard_dis/
ACU National University website